FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI SEDIAAN PASTA GIGI EKSTRAK BIJI ALPUKAT (Persea americana Mill.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36656/cp93q767Keywords:
avocado seed (Persea americana Mill.), cleansing, toothpaste, tooth stains, UV-Vis spectrophotometer.Abstract
“Extrinsic tooth stains caused by the consumption of coffee, tea, and smoking habits can reduce dental aesthetics. One approach to help overcome this problem is the use of toothpaste containing natural active ingredients. Avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.) contain various secondary metabolites that have the potential to be used as active ingredients in toothpaste preparations. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate toothpaste containing ethanol extract of avocado seeds and to determine the effectiveness of different extract concentrations in helping to remove extrinsic tooth stains in vitro. This experimental study included crude drug characterization, phytochemical screening, extraction of avocado seeds using the maceration method with 70% ethanol, formulation of toothpaste with extract concentrations of 3.25%, 6.25%, and 12.25%, and evaluation of the physical quality, including organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, foam height, and viscosity. The effectiveness of tooth stain removal was evaluated in vitro using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer by measuring the absorbance of the tooth stain washing solution. Phytochemical screening showed that the ethanol extract of avocado seeds contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. All toothpaste formulations met the requirements for physical quality and stability evaluation. The cleansing test showed that F1 containing 3.25% avocado seed extract had the highest stain removal effectiveness at 48.36%, followed by F2 at 26.22% and F3 at 8.19%. Based on the results, ethanol extract of avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.) can be formulated into a toothpaste preparation that meets the requirements for physical quality and stability and has the potential to help remove extrinsic tooth stains. The F1 formulation containing 3.25% avocado seed extract demonstrated the best cleansing effectiveness in this study.”
Downloads
References
Afni, N. et al. 2015. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Pasta Gigi Ekstrak Biji Pinang (Areca catechu L.) Terhadap Streptococcus mutans dan Staphylococcus aureus. GALENIKA Journal of Pharmacy, 1(1): 48–58.
Alamsyah, R. M. (Tesis). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kebiasaan Merokok Dan Hubungan Dengan Status Penyakit Peridontal Remaja Di Kota Medan Tahun 2007. Universitas Sumatera Utara; 2009.
Alharbi, A., Ardu, S., & Bortolotto, T. (2020). Spectrophotometric analysis of dental enamel staining. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 12(9), e853–e859.
Alharbi, A., Ardu, S., & Bortolotto, T. (2022). Spectrophotometric analysis of color stability of esthetic restorative materials. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry.
Al-Mokhtar, A., et al. (2020). Spectrophotometric analysis of dental enamel staining to antiseptic and dietary agents: In vitro study. International Journal of Dentistry.
Alqahtani, M. Q., et al. (2020). Spectrophotometric analysis of dental enamel staining to antiseptic and dietary agents: An in vitro study. International Journal of Dentistry.
Anggini, R., Suryana, B., & Rezki, S. (2022). Pengaruh Perilaku Aktivitas Konsumsi Minuman Berwarna Terhadap Tingkatan Pewarnaan Gigi (Stain). Journal of Dental Therapist, 1(2), 68–72.
Arditia, R. D.(Skripsi). Optimasi Formula Sediaan Gel Gigi Yang Mengandung Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium Guajava L.) Dengan Na Cmc Sebagai Gelling Agent. Jakarta: Uin Syarif Hidayatullah; 2009.
Arisandi, Yohana., Yovita Andriani. (2009). Khasiat Berbagai Tanaman Untuk Pengobatan. Jakarta : Eska Media.
Butler, H. Poacher's Perfumes Cosmetics And Soap 10th Edition. London:Kluwer Academy Publicher; 2000.
Daud, N.. Saadah., Desi., S. Atma., Ilaya dan M. Formulani Pasca Gigi Infusa Daun Jambu Biji (Pridium Guajava Lann) Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Na Cmc Sebagai Bahan Pengikat. Jurnal Ibruah Ibru Sina. 2015;1(1): 42-29.
Depkes RI. (1989). Materia Medika Indonesia Jilid V, Jakarta : Depkes RI.
Ditjen POM, (1995). Farmakope Indonesia Edisi IV, Jakarta : Depkes RI
Fauzi, Dodi Ahmad. (2008). Manfaat Tanaman Obat. Jakarta : EDSA.
Feliana, Kiki., Sri Mursiti., Harjono, (2018). Isolasi dan Elusidasi Senyawa Flavonoid dari Biji Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.). Semarang : Universitas Negeri Semarang.
Garlen, D. Toothpastes, In Lieberman, H. A (Ed). Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Dysperse Systems. Inc. New York; Marcel Dekker; 1996.
Hanami, E. (2014). Analisis Fitokimia. Jakarta : EGC.
Hariana, Arief. (2015). 262 Tumbuhan Obat Dan Khasiatnya. Edisi II. Jakarta : Penerbit Swadaya.
Harris, D. C. (2020). Quantitative Chemical Analysis. 10th ed. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company.
Hidayat, R. Syamsul. (2015). Kitab Tumbuhan Obat. Edisi II. Jakarta : Penebar Swadaya.
Ilmi, M. A. M. B. (Skripsi). Formulasi Pasta Gigi Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Sirih Merah (Piper Crocatum Ruitz & Pav) Dan Propolis Dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Terhadap Streptococcus Mutans. Jurusan Farması. Fakultas Kedokteran Dan Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan. Malang; Universitas Islam Negeri, Maulana Malik Ibrahim; 2017.
Itjingningsih, W. H. Anatomi Gigi. Jakarta. Pramesta:Egc; 1995.
Joiner, A. (2006). The bleaching of teeth: A review of the literature. Journal of Dentistry, 34(7), 412–419.
Lath, D. L., Johnson, C., Smith, R. N., & Brook, A. H. (2006). Measurement of stain removal in vitro: a comparison of two instrumental methods. International Journal of Dental Hygiene, 4(3), 129-132.
Liana, I., & Arbi, A. (2019). Hubungan tindakan menggosok gigi dengan status kebersihan gigi dan mulut pada murid kelas V dan VI sekolah dasar di Peudada Kabupaten Bireuen. Jurnal Bahana Kesehatan Masyarakat, 3(1).
Mahdalin, A., E. Widarsih dan K. Harismah. Pengujian Sifat Fisika Dan Sifat Kimia Formulasi Pasta Gigi Gambir Dengan Pemanis Alami Daun Stevia. Urecol; 2017. Issn 2407-9189.
Marina, D., & Suryani, R. R. L. (2023). Dampak Merokok Terhadap Status Kebersihan Gigi Dan Mulut Di Masyarakat. Nasuwakes.
Marjoni, R (2017). Farmakognosi Untuk Diploma III Farmasi. Jakarta : Trans info Media Jakarta.
Marjoni, R. (2016). Dasar-Dasar Fitokimia Untuk Diploma III Farmasi. Jakarta : Trans Info Media Jakarta.
Megananda, H. Ilmu Pencegahan Penyakit Jaringan Keras Dan Jaringan Pendukung Gigi. Bandung; Jkg Poltekkes Depkes; 2009.
Newman, M. G., H. H.Takei dan F.E.Caranza. Clinical Periodontology, 10d Edition, W. B. Saunders Company. Philadelphia; 2006.
Nuraini, Dini Nuris. (2011). Aneka Manfaat Biji-Bijian. Yogyakarta : Penerbit Gava Media.
Prasetya, F. Formulasi Pasta Gigi Berbahan Aktif Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hitam Sebagai Antimikroba Penyebab Radang Gusi (Gingivitis) Dan Gigi Berlubang (Caries). J. Trop. Pharm. Chem. 2012;2(1):19-25.
Prastiyani, N. H., Ardinansyah, A., & Windrianto, M. A. (2023). Edukasi pentingnya menyikat gigi dengan baik dan benar untuk menurunkan indeks plak gigi. Info Abdi Cendekia, 6(1).
Rarung AMML, Yamlean PVY, Mansauda KLR. Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Pasta Gigi Ekstrak Etanol Biji Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) Terhadap Streptococcus mutans. Pharmacon 2022;11:1793–804.
