Jurnal Penelitian Farmasi Dan Herbal

Skrinning Resep Interaksi Obat Pasien Hipertensi dan Gagal Ginjal Periode Oktober S.d Desember di Rumah Sakit Rasyida Medan

sri devi alfitriani — 2025-11-03

Hypertension is a significant health issue in Indonesia, frequently referred to as a silent killer due to its asymptomatic nature. Hypertension complications may result in damage to essential organs, including the heart, brain, and kidneys, potentially culminating in chronic kidney failure (CKD). The therapy of hypertension and renal failure requires appropriate pharmacological intervention to avert complications and enhance patient quality of life. This research seeks to identify medications often prescribed to patients with hypertension and renal failure, ascertain the preval__ence of concurrent illnesses, and assess potential drug interactions in prescriptions at Rasyida Hospital Medan from October to December 2023. The research used a descriptive methodology via an analysis of patient prescriptions. The study's findings indicated the use of diverse combinations of antihypertensive medications and renal failure treatment, along with the possibility of drug interactions in multiple patient prescriptions. The results underscore the need of prescription screening and monitoring for drug interactions within clinical pharmacy services to mitigate the risk of medication mistakes and enhance the safety and efficacy of treatment in patients with hypertension and renal failure.

Keywords: Hypertension, Kidney Failure, Drug Interactions, Prescription Screening.

Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Pada Param Karo Sebagai Antidiabetic foot

RANIA RARA ARDHANA — 2025-11-03

Param Karo is a traditional medicinal herb that is added with rice flour (Oryza sativa) as a solidifier. Param Karo has many properties, especially as an alternative treatment for fever, flatulence, and various other conditions. Param Karo is used by repeatedly applying it on the body to help normalize body temperature. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of param Karo against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria as the cause of diabetic foot wounds, as well as to identify the optimal concentration of param Karo needed to achieve significant antibacterial activity. Extraction was carried out using 96% ethanol solvent, and antibacterial activity testing was carried out by disc diffusion method on Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria with 3 concentrations namely, 25%, 50%, 75%. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Param Karo had the most significant antibacterial activity at a concentration of 75% with the formation of a clear zone around the disc. Ciprofloxacin was used as positive control, while DMSO 10% as negative control.

SKRINNING RESEP INTERAKSI OBAT PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS DAN HIPERURISEMIA PERIODE OKTOBER 2023 S.D MARET 2024 DI RUMAH SAKIT ADVENT

Destiana Tata Surbekti — 2025-11-03

Diabetes Mellitus and Hyperuricemia are two chronic non-communicable diseases with increasing preval__ence and are often comorbid in patients. Managing these conditions requires long-term pharmacotherapy, which may result in drug interactions. eval__uating prescription completeness and potential drug interactions is essential to ensure effective and safe therapy. Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which blood glucose levels are chronically higher (hyperglycemia) than normal because the body lacks insulin or insulin function is ineffective. Hyperuricemia is a condition in which uric acid levels increase in the blood. This condition can cause gouty arthritis, which is inflammation of the joints due to uric acid buildup. To identify medications prescribed for patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Hyperuricemia, eval__uate potential drug interactions, and assess prescription completeness based on administrative standards in accordance with Indonesia’s Ministry of Health Regulation No. 72 of 2016. This study used a descriptive retrospective design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 50 outpatient prescriptions at Advent Hospital Medan that met inclusion criteria from October 2023 to March 2024 were analyzed. Prescription screening covered administrative, pharmaceutical, and clinical aspects. Drug interactions were identified using the Drugs.com database and classified based on severity (major, moderate, minor). Commonly prescribed drugs for Diabetes Mellitus included Metformin, Glimepiride, Acarbose, and Pioglitazone; while for Hyperuricemia, Allopurinol, Meloxicam, and Sodium Diclofenac were most frequent. Ten drug interactions were identified: 8 moderate, 1 major, and 1 minor. The administrative eval__uation showed that most prescription components were complete, though some lacked documentation of body weight, address, and physician’s phone number. The most frequent drug interactions occurred at a moderate severity level, particularly between antidiabetic and NSAID medications. Comprehensive prescription screening is necessary to reduce adverse effects and improve therapeutic safety.

POTENSI ANTIBAKTERI PAREM KARO UNTUK MENANGANI INFEKSI Staphylococcocus aureus PADA PENDERITA DIABETIC FOOT

Jenny Alfa Dilla Br Tarigan — 2025-11-03

One of the cronic and serious complications of diabetes mellitus is diabetic foot. Staphyloccocus aureus bacteria is the most common bacteria found in this type of wound. The purpose of this study is to determine the antibacterial activity of parem Karo, which is one of the traditional medicines of the ethnic culture of the Karo tribe which is rich in spices. Testing the antibacterial activity of Karo hot parem against staphylococcus aureus bacteria using disc diffusion method with 255, 50% and 75% concentration of Karo hot parem extract, positive control Ciprofloxacin Disks (5µg) and negative control DMSO 10%. This disc diffusion method was carried out to determine the diameter of the inhibition formed by Karo hot parem extract in inhibiting the growth of Staphyloccocus aureus bacteria. The results showed inhibitory activity at higher concentrations with the largest average inhibition diameter at 75% concentration against Staphyloccocus aureus bacteria (8.23 ± 0.72 mm) followed by 50% concentration with an average inhibition zone at all. The conclusion obtained from this study is that there is antibacterial activity of Karo hot parem extract at a concentration of 75% and 50% against the growth of Staphyloccocus aureus bacteria.

PENETAPAN KADAR FENOLIK TOTAL TUMBUHAN ENDEMIK KALIMANTAN UTARA

Nasywa Amelsya Salsabillah — 2025-11-03

North Kalimantan is home to a unique biodiversity, including medicinal plants traditionally used by local communities such as the Dayak people. Several of these plants are endemic—found exclusively in this region. Two notable endemic species, Dayak onion (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr.) and rose myrtle (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa), are known to contain secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds. This study aimed to determine the total phenolic content of these two endemic plants. Extraction was performed using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE), resulting in extract yields of 11.42% (11.42 g) for Dayak onion and 24.33% (24.33 g) for rose myrtle. Preliminary phytochemical screening using 1% FeCl₃ reagent indicated the presence of phenolic compounds, evidenced by a color change to bluish-green or dark green. The quantitative analysis was performed using UV–Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 752 nm, applying the Folin–Ciocalteu method with gallic acid as the standard. The results showed that Dayak onion extract contained 1.410 mg GAE/g extract (0.141%), while rose myrtle extract contained 2.259 mg GAE/g extract (0.2259%) of total phenolic compounds. These findings highlight the phenolic potential of endemic medicinal plants from North Kalimantan and support their further exploration for pharmacological and nutraceutical applications

PENGARUH LAMA PENYIMPANAN PADA SUHU DINGIN TERHADAP KADAR VITAMIN C BUAH PIR (Pyrus communis) DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-Vis

Sofia Eliasari Br Bangun — 2025-11-03

Vitamin C merxupakan vitamin yang penting xuntxuk txubxuh. Vitamin C mxudah larxut dalam air dan yang paling tidak stabil karena mxudah rxusak oleh panas dan penyimpanan. Vitamin C banyak terkandxung dalam berbagai sayxuran dan bxuah-bxuahan segar. Salah satxu bxuah yang mengandxung vitamin C adalah bxuah pir. Txujxuan dari penelitian ini adalah xuntxuk mengetahxui pengarxuh lama penyimpanan pada sxuhxu dingin terhadap kadar vitamin C bxuah pir. Penelitian ini menggxunakan metode ekperimental yaitxu xuntxuk menentxukan kadar vitamin C dalam sampel. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitxu didapat kadar awal tertinggi pada pir centxury (1,611 mg/g). Namxun setelah 6 hari terjadi penxurxunan kadar secara signifikan 0,880 mg/g (±45%), pada pir xiangli hari 0 didapat kadarnya 1,362 mg/g, pada hari ke-6 penxurxunan kadar vitamin c menjadi 0,518 mg/g (±62%). Pada pir jambxu kadar vitamin C awal sebesar 0,814 mg/g. Setelah disimpan selama 6 hari menxurxun menjadi 0,330 mg/g (±59%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terjadi penxurxunan kadar vitamin C pada ketiga jenis bxuah pir secara signifikan dikarenakan vitamin C mxudah sekali teroksidasi, baik oleh temperatxur, cahaya maxupxun xudara sekitar sehingga kadar vitamin C tetap berkxurang walaxupxun disimpan dalam sxuhxu dingin. Kesimpxulannya, terjadi penxurxunan kadar vitamin C pada ketiga jenis bxuah pir secara signifikan dikarenakan vitamin C mxudah sekali teroksidasi, baik oleh temperatxur, cahaya maxupxun xudara sekitar walaxupxun disimpan pada sxuhxu dingin.

eval_UASI PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK DENGAN METODE GYSSENS PADA PASIEN DEMAM TIFOID DI INSTALASI RAWAT INAP RSUD HAJI MAKASSAR PERIODE JUNI-DESEMBER 2024

Jessieca Kakambong — 2025-11-03

Typhoid fever is a common infectious disease in Indonesia, especially among productive age groups. The improper use of antibiotics in its treatment may lead to antibiotic resistance. This study aims to eval_uate the rational use of antibiotics in hospitalized typhoid fever patients at RSUD Haji Makassar using the Gyssens method. A descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional retrospective approach was conducted, using purposive sampling of 125 patient medical records from June to December 2024. Data were analyzed descriptively and statistically using Chi-square tests. Results showed that ceftriaxone was the most commonly used antibiotic (66%), followed by ciprofloxacin (22.8%). Rational use (category 0) was found in 59 cases (47.2%), while irrational use occurred in 66 cases (52.8%), predominantly in category III B (inappropriate duration). A significant association was found between gender and antibiotic rationality (p = 0.030), but no significant correlation was observed with age or length of stay. However, a highly significant correlation was found between the duration of antibiotic administration and rationality (p < 0.001). This study emphasizes the need for regular clinical audits and adherence to updated national treatment guidelines to prevent irrational antibiotic use and resistance.

GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN IBU RUMAH TANGGA TERHADAP DAGUSIBU OBAT DI DUSUN SALO, DUA DESA SALO DUA, KECAMATAN MAIW, KABUPATEN ENREKANG TAHUN 2025

Nur Zal Sabila — 2025-11-03

This study aims to determine the level of knowledge among housewives regarding DAGUSIBU (Obtaining, Using, Storing, and Disposing of Medicines) in Dusun Salo Dua, Enrekang Regency, and to identify which components of DAGUSIBU are well understood or need further improvement. This research used a descriptive quantitative method involving 67 respondents selected through purposive sampling based on specific inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a validated and reliable questionnaire and analyzed using univariate descriptive statistics. The results showed that 70.15% of respondents had good knowledge, while 29.85% had sufficient knowledge of DAGUSIBU. Component-wise, knowledge about “obtaining” medicines was relatively low (66.67%), while “using” (79.85%), “storing” (89.05%), and “disposing” (83.6%) were classified as good. Higher knowledge was associated with age over 35 and higher education levels. However, many respondents still acquired medicines from unofficial sources, indicating the need for more targeted health education. This finding emphasizes the importance of strengthening public knowledge and behavior regarding medicine use. Future interventions should include structured community outreach and collaboration with healthcare providers. Moreover, qualitative studies are recommended to explore underlying factors affecting household medicine management and to support the rational use of medicines at the community level.

Formulasi Dan eval_uasi Sediaan Handbody Lotion Ekstrak Pegagan (Centella Asiatica L.) Kombinasi Niacinimade

Nur Faizah M. Ali — 2025-11-03

Pegagan extract comes from the pegagan plant (Centela Asiatica L.) containing saponins, asiticosides, asiatic acid, and madecasate which can stimulate the production of collagen I, a protein that stimulates the wound healing process. This plant can be used as a raw material for skin care. Pegagan in the form of hand body lotion is used for skin care and other body parts. This study aims to determine the effect of differences in the concentration of Stearic Acid and cetyl alcohol in the Handbody Lotion formulation on the results of the preparation eval_uation test. Physical eval_uation tests of the preparation include organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, pH tests, viscosity tests, and stability tests. The test results obtained the optimum formula, namely formula 1 with a ratio of cetyl alcohol and stearic acid with a desirability value of 1. The results of the stability test showed that the handbody lotion preparation was stable from the organoleptic parameters, homogeneity, pH, viscosity

THE eval_UATION OF PRESCRIPTION SCREENING PHASE PRESCRIBING ERROR IN PEDIATRIC PRESCRIPTIONS AT MITRAKITA CLINIC SEMARANG PERIOD JANUARY 2024

Widiya Widiya Damayanti — 2025-11-03

The issue of Medication Error in prescriptions can cause harm to patients that may result in a mistake in the use of drugs. Incomplete prescriptions, whether administratively, pharmaceutically, or clinically, can lead to medication errors. This study was conducted to eval_uate the completeness of prescriptions in the administrative, pharmaceutical, and clinical aspects of pediatric prescriptions at the Mitrakita Clinic and to ascertain compliance with Minister of Health Regulation No. 34 of 2021. This research is an observational study that is descriptive in nature, using a retrospective data collection method on pediatric prescriptions at the Mitrakita Clinic for the month of January 2024. Data collection in this research employed random sampling with a sample size of 160 prescriptions. Prescriptions were eval_uated for their compliance administratively, pharmaceutically, and clinically based on Minister of Health Regulation No. 34 of 2021. The data obtained was processed using SPSS with univariate analysis methods (descriptive analysis) and presented in the form of tables and percentages. This study aims to reduce the risk of medication errors in prescriptions at Mitrakita Clinic Semarang. Data from 160 prescriptions, after being tested and analyzed using SPSS, showed that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous. The results of the prescription screening eval_uation for prescribing errors in pediatric prescriptions at Mitrakita Clinic Semarang showed that the percentage of errors in the administrative review was 29.922%, in the pharmaceutical review was 5.104%, and in the clinical review was 14.018%. Thus, the average medication error occurring in pediatric prescriptions at Mitrakita Clinic during January 2024 was 16.348%, leading to the conclusion that prescriptions made at Mitrakita Clinic Semarang are in accordance with Minister of Health Regulation No. 34 of 2021.

eval_UASI PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK DENGAN METODE GYSSENS PADA PASIEN PNEUMONIA DI BALAI BESAR KESEHATAN PARU MASYARAKAT (BBKPM) MAKASSAR

Erlin Putri Hendrawati Arifin — 2025-11-03

Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death in children under five, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia. Antibiotics are the mainstay of therapy for bacterial pneumonia; however, inappropriate use can lead to resistance and treatment failure. This study aims to eval_uate the rationality of antibiotic use in pediatric pneumonia patients at the Public Lung Health Center (BBKPM) Makassar using the Gyssens method. This was a descriptive study conducted from April to June 2025 using retrospective medical record data from 33 pediatric inpatients aged 1–5 years diagnosed with pneumonia and receiving antibiotic therapy from January to December 2024. Antibiotic rationality was assessed using the Gyssens algorithm, which classifies antibiotic use into category 0 (rational) and categories I–VI (irrational). The results showed that out of 64 antibiotic prescriptions, 20 (31%) were categorized as rational (category 0), while 44 (69%) were irrational. The highest proportion of irrational use was category III B (34%) for too-short duration, followed by category IV A (31%) for suboptimal effectiveness, and IV B (3%) for safety concerns. No cases were found in categories I, II, III A, IV C, IV D, V, or VI. These findings indicate that while some antibiotic use was appropriate, a significant portion was not, highlighting the need for regular eval_uation and better adherence to clinical guidelines to optimize antibiotic therapy and reduce resistance risks in pediatric pneumonia treatment.

Interaksi Obat dan Makanan Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus

Siti Nur Asiyah — 2025-11-03

Diabetes mellitus merupakan penyakit metabolik yang disebabkan oleh gangguan metabolisme pada organ pankreas ditandai dengan terjadinya peningkatan gula darah atau hiperglikemia. Pengelolaan diabetes umumnya melibatkan terapi farmakologis dengan berbagai jenis obat antidiabetik dalam mengontrol kadar gula darah serta mencegah terjadinya komplikasi jangka panjang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis interaksi obat Glibenklamid dan Metformin yang dikonsumsi pasien diabetes mellitus dengan minuman herbal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan memperoleh data primer dan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mengonsumsi obat-obatan, Glibenklamid dan Metformin bersamaan dengan minuman herbal akan menimbulkan efek sinergis. Dengan penggunaan tanaman herbal, seperti daun keres, bunga telang, dan daun kelor bersamaan dengan obat - obatan yang dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah. Kesimpulan dari penelitian adalah didapatkan jika interaksi obat-makanan, yakni minuman herbal dan interaksi obat-obat dapat berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah meski tidak secara efektif.

The PHARMACY AND ARCHIPELAGO CON PHARMACY AND ARCHIPELAGO CONSTITUTIONAL THEORY: PHARMACY AS GUARDIAN OF ETHICAL AND LOCAL LEGAL BALANCE

Rahma Dita Dita — 2025-11-03

This article explores the role of pharmacists as ethical and legal mediators within pluralistic legal systems in Indonesia. Informed by the theory of Konstitusi Nusantara (Nusantara Constitution), this study frames the pharmacist not merely as a medical professional but as a guardian of balance between local customs and national regulations. Using a qualitative normative-juridical method and interdisciplinary analysis across pharmaceutical sciences, constitutional law, and health anthropology, this research draws from literature and regional practices in Papua, Kalimantan, and Nusa Tenggara. Findings show that pharmacists often navigate overlapping norms professional codes, state law, and local customary systems especially when working within indigenous communities. Their unique position enables them to build culturally respectful communication, advocate for the safe use of traditional remedies, and promote ethical healthcare grounded in local wisdom. The study calls for curricular reform in pharmacy education that integrates local legal-cultural knowledge and for policies that institutionalize collaboration between pharmacists and customary authorities. This research provides conceptual and practical insights for building inclusive, locally rooted healthcare governance in Indonesia.

Keywords: Pharmacist, Local wisdom, Legal pluralism, Indigenous health

The Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract, n-Hexane Fraction, and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Water Hyacinth Leaves (Eichhornia crassipes) Growing on the Banks of the Mahakam River Against Propionibacterium acnes

herlina ekapratama dewi — 2025-11-03

Propionibacterium acnes is a gram-positive bacterium that causes acne. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a plant commonly found along the banks of the Mahakam River that has antibacterial properties. The purpose of this study was to perform a phytochemical screening and determine the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaves against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. Antibacterial activity was measured by the diameter of the inhibition zone using the agar diffusion method. Phytochemical screening results showed that the ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of water hyacinth leaves were positive for flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins, while these metabolites were not found in the n-hexane fraction. Each test solution was prepared at concentrations of 5%, 7.5%, 15%, and 30%. The antibacterial activity test yielded average inhibition zone diameters for the ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction of 12.70 mm, 12.85 mm, and 13.17 mm, respectively.

FORMULASI DAN UJI STABILITAS FISIK SERTA PENENTUAN NILAI SPF (Sun Protecting Factor) GEL MOISTURIZER EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KELAKAI (Stenochlaena Palustris (BURM. F.) Bedd.)

Pintata Sembiring — 2025-11-03

Flavonoids in kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris) leaves function as powerful antioxidants that increase skin protection against UV radiation through absorption and scattering of ultraviolet rays. The presence of chromophore groups in the form of conjugated double bonds in flavonoids is able to absorb UVB rays so as to reduce their intensity on the skin and contribute to increasing the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value of the moisturizer gel. This allows the product to function as a moisturizer as well as a natural plant-based sunscreen. This research aims to formulate kelakai leaf extract moisturizer gel, eval_uate its physical stability, and measure the SPF value. The extract was obtained through maceration, then made into moisturizer gel with concentrations of 3% (F1), 5% (F2), and 7% (F3). For four weeks, organoleptic, homogeneity, spreadability, pH, stability, viscosity, and centrifugation tests were conducted. The results showed that all formulas were homogeneous, brownish yellow (F1), light brown (F2), and dark brown (F3) in color; spreadability 5.39-6.20 cm; pH 5.07-5.96; stable at room temperature and cold; viscosity 6192-7108 cPs; and no phase separation. In vitro SPF measurements using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 290-320 nm showed the highest SPF value in F3 (7% extract) of 27.51, while F1 and F2 were 18.49 and 21.94 respectively, so that the three formulas can provide optimal protection from UV rays.

eval_uasi Penggunaan Antibiotik Profilaksis pada Pasien Bedah Caesar dengan Menggunakan Metode Gyssens di Rumah Sakit X Mojokerto

Cantika Putri Amanda — 2025-11-03

Introduction: Delivery is a physiological process of expelling the fetus and placenta from the uterus, either spontaneously through the vagina or through operative procedures such as cesarean section. Cesarean section has become one of the commonly performed methods of delivery, but it carries a higher risk of surgical wound infections compared to normal delivery. The use of prophylactic antibiotics is important to prevent such complications; however, in practice, it often does not conform to guidelines, which can reduce the effectiveness of infection prevention and trigger antibiotic resistance. Objective: To assess the rationality of prophylactic antibiotic use in cesarean section patients at Hospital X in Mojokerto. Method: This study employs a descriptive observational method with a retrospective approach. Data was collected from 87 medical records of cesarean section patients during the period of 2024–2025. The eval_uation of prophylactic antibiotic use was conducted based on the Gyssens method to assess the accuracy of diagnosis, indications, drug selection, dosage, route and interval of administration, as well as the duration of therapy. Results: The majority of patients (92%) received prophylactic antibiotics rationally (Gyssens category 0). A small number of patients fall into category IIa (5%) due to dose inaccuracies, and category IVd (3%) with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Conclusion: The use of prophylactic antibiotics in cesarean section patients at Hospital X Mojokerto is mostly rational (92%), while (8%) is irrational.

PENETAPAN KADAR DIETILEN GLIKOL (DEG) PADA SIRUP ANAK YANG BEREDAR DI APOTEK DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS

sulasmi sulasmi — 2025-11-03

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan kadar dietilen glikol (DEG) pada sirup anak yang beredar di apotek menggunakan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis, sekaligus memvalidasi metode tersebut. DEG dikategorikan sebagai zat berbahaya yang dapat menyebabkan gagal ginjal akut, dengan batas aman tidak boleh melebihi 0,1%. Sampel diambil secara purposive sampling dari tiga merek sirup yang paling banyak dibeli di Apotek Deli Tua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan panjang gelombang maksimum DEG adalah 625 nm , dengan operating time optimal 15 menit. Kurva kalibrasi menunjukkan linearitas tinggi (R²=0,999). Kadar rata-rata DEG pada sampel A, B, dan C berturut-turut adalah 0,08756%, 0,16138%, dan 0,1334%. Dua dari tiga sampel tersebut melebihi ambang batas aman 0,1% yang ditetapkan BPOM, mengindikasikan potensi risiko kesehatan. Validasi metode menunjukkan akurasi (80-120% recovery) dan presisi (%RSD < 2%) yang baik. Oleh karena itu, penelitian lanjutan dengan metode analisis lain dan analisis toksikologis direkomendasikan.

FORMULASI DAN UJI KETAHANAN SEDIAAN PARFUM SPRAY BUNGA LILI ( Lilium longiflorum)

Delisma Marsauli Simorangkir — 2025-11-03

This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the fragrance longevity of lily flower (Lilium longiflorum) spray perfume. Lily essential oil was extracted using steam distillation and formulated at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% with additional fixatives, solvents, solubilizers, and preservatives. Evaluations included organoleptic tests, density, pH, fragrance longevity, stability, and aroma preference. Results showed that all formulations had good clarity, homogeneity, and skin-safe pH values (5.29–5.55). Formula 2 (10%) provided the best balanced fragrance intensity and received the highest preference score from panelists. The longest fragrance retention was achieved by Formula 3 (15%), though its intensity was considered too strong. In conclusion, lily essential oil spray perfume can be formulated stably with adequate fragrance longevity, showing potential as a competitive natural perfume product.

Strategi Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris untuk Meningkatkan Daya Saing Internasional Mahasiswa Farmasi

Maulidina Mutia — 2025-11-03

Kemahiran berbahasa Inggris telah menjadi persyaratan krusial untuk meningkatkan daya saing global mahasiswa farmasi di era globalisasi dan Masyarakat 5.0. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan membandingkan metode pengajaran bahasa Inggris yang efektif bagi mahasiswa farmasi untuk meningkatkan kompetensi internasional mereka. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah tinjauan pustaka dari berbagai jurnal yang diterbitkan dalam empat tahun terakhir. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa Bahasa Inggris untuk Tujuan Khusus (ESP), Pembelajaran Berbasis Tugas (TBL), dan Pembelajaran Campuran merupakan strategi yang paling efektif. ESP meningkatkan pemahaman terminologi farmasi, TBL meningkatkan keterampilan komunikasi dalam konteks klinis, dan Pembelajaran Campuran memberikan fleksibilitas dan akses pembelajaran yang lebih luas. Integrasi ketiga metode ini dianggap sebagai pendekatan yang paling relevan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan bahasa Inggris di institusi pendidikan tinggi terkait kesehatan.

FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS SEDIAAN GEL ANTIACNE EKSTRAK ETANOL DAGING KURMA (Pheonix dactylifera L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Propionibacterium acnes & Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Nova rianti Marbun — 2025-11-03

Acne (acne vulgaris) is a skin inflammation caused by the overgrowth of bacteria such as Propionibacterium acnes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study aims to formulate a gel preparation containing ethanol extract of date flesh and evaluate its antibacterial activity. The extract was obtained via maceration using 70% ethanol. The gel was formulated in three extract concentrations: 10%, 20%, and 30%. Physical evaluations of the gel included organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and adhesiveness, while antibacterial activity was tested using the disk diffusion method. The results showed that the 30% concentration provided the largest inhibition zone against both test bacteria. Physical evaluations confirmed that the gel preparation met the criteria for a stable topical product. It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of date flesh can be effectively formulated into an antibacterial gel preparation and has potential as a natural antiacne product.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL BONGGOL BROKOLI (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) DENGAN METODE DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazy)

Chindy Umaya — 2025-11-03

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) is a vegetable recognized for its abundant bioactive components, such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and vitamin C, which are linked to antioxidant capabilities. Notwithstanding its health advantages, the broccoli stalk is frequently disregarded and underexploited, despite its potential as a source of natural antioxidant chemicals. This work aims to assess the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract from broccoli stalks utilizing the DPPH method and to ascertain its IC₅₀ value. The extraction was conducted via the maceration method utilizing 70% ethanol, and the antioxidant activity was assessed through UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a peak wavelength of 516 nm. The results indicated that the ethanolic extract of broccoli stem possesses considerable antioxidant activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 35.74 µg/ml. The IC₅₀ value of vitamin C was shown to be 7.67 µg/ml. The results indicate that broccoli stalks may be a significant source of natural antioxidants. The validation of the analytical method demonstrated outstanding results, including linearity (r = 0.9989), accuracy (100.57%), and precision (%RSD = 0.5646%).

UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIDIABETES EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN

Evi Deviana Gultom — 2025-11-03

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak etanol daun pepaya (EEDP) terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada tikus putih jantan (Rattus norvegicus) yang diinduksi aloksan, menentukan dosis yang paling efektif, dan membandingkannya dengan glibenklamid. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan post-test only control group design. Sampel daun pepaya dikumpulkan secara purposive dari Kabupaten Batu Bara, diolah menjadi obat sederhana, dan diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan etanol 96%. Skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa EEDP mengandung flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, tanin, dan steroid/triterpenoid. Hewan uji dibagi menjadi lima kelompok: kontrol negatif (CMC Na 0,5%), kontrol positif (glibenklamid 0,45 mg/kgBB), dan tiga kelompok perlakuan dosis EEDP 100, 200, dan 400 mg/kgBB. Induksi diabetes dilakukan dengan menggunakan aloksan monohidrat. Kadar glukosa darah diukur menggunakan glukometer sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian EEDP pada ketiga dosis mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa darah secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif. Dosis 400 mg/kgBB memberikan penurunan paling besar dan mendekati efektivitas glibenklamid. Uji statistik tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok EEDP pada dosis 400 mg/kgBB dan glibenklamid (p>0,05), yang mengindikasikan bahwa efek antidiabetik EEDP sebanding dengan obat konvensional. Mekanisme penurunan glukosa darah diduga terkait dengan kemampuan flavonoid untuk meningkatkan sensitivitas insulin, melindungi sel β pankreas, dan menghambat enzim α-glukosidase. Sebagai kesimpulan, EEDP berpotensi sebagai agen antidiabetik alami, dengan dosis optimal 400 mg/kgBB, yang efektivitasnya sebanding dengan glibenklamid. Temuan ini mendukung penggunaan daun pepaya sebagai obat tradisional yang aman, terjangkau, dan mudah didapat, serta membuka peluang untuk penelitian lebih lanjut dalam pengembangan fitofarmaka antidiabetik.

“UJI EFEKTIVITAS FORMULASI EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH PARE (Momordica charantia L.) DENGAN DAUN PEPAYA (Carica Papaya L.) SEBAGAI LOTION AEDES AEGYPTI”

TIO RANTI SARI SEMBIRING — 2025-11-03

Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, and group of arthropod-borne viruses. Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus, are the primary vectors of dengue disease transmission. A product that is used in skin-protection cosmetics to protect the skin from mosquito bites is anti-mosquito lotion (repellent). Water, emulsifying agents, humectants, and fatty ingredients make up lotion preparations. The bitter gourd and papaya leaves employed in this study were the active ingredients used to make lotion preparations. The lotion formulation used in this investigation contained flavonoid chemicals at varied extract concentrations of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%. The bitter gourd's and leaves' active components Because papaya is known to contain a lot of antioxidants, it can be used as an insecticide and lotion to ward against mosquitoes. According to SNI-16-4399-1996, preparations for anti-mosquito lotion made from papaya leaves and bitter melon extract pass the physical quality test because they are all homogeneous, have an oil-in-water emulsion type, are stable during storage for two weeks, and do not irritate the skin. Anti-mosquito lotion made with bitter melon fruit extract and papaya leaves, which is distinguished by the presence of dead mosquitoes in each formulation, has an effect on the effectiveness as an insecticide or repellent against mosquitoes on the skin that is applied. The extract lotion preparations' concentration The most powerful insecticide or mosquito repellant is a 6% extract of bitter gourd fruit and papaya leaves.

FORMULASI SEDIAAN LILIN EKSTRAK MINYAK ATSIRI BUNGA SEDAP MALAM (Polianthes tuberosa ) SEBAGAI AROMATERAPI

Elysa anggara — 2025-11-03

Stress is a common phenomenon that significantly impacts physical and mental health. One natural method widely developed to promote relaxation is aromatherapy. This study aimed to formulate tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa) essential oil into aromatherapy candles and evaluate their physical characteristics. Essential oil extraction was carried out using steam distillation, then formulated into candles using paraffin and stearic acid as the base ingredients. Four formulas with varying essential oil concentrations were selected: F1 (0 mL), F2 (5 mL), F3 (10 mL), and F4 (15 mL). Evaluation included organoleptic tests (color, aroma, and shape), homogeneity, melting point, and physical stability. The results showed that the candle with the addition of 15 mL of essential oil (F4) had the best physical characteristics: even color, a smooth surface, no cracks, easy lighting, and a strong, distinctive, calming aroma. Based on the evaluation results, tuberose essential oil was successfully formulated into a stable aromatherapy candle with the potential to provide a relaxing effect.