Activity Test of Mouthwash of Ethanol Extract of Sikkam Leaves (Bischofia javanica Blume) Against Streptococcus mutans Bacteria
Kata Kunci:
dental caries, Bischofia javanica Blume, herbal mouthwash, antibacterial, Streptococcus mutans.Abstrak
Dental caries is one of the dental and oral health problems with a high prevalence in various age groups. The main cause is the bacterium Streptococcus mutans which ferments carbohydrates into acids so that they damage tooth enamel. The use of synthetic mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine is effective, but it can cause side effects such as tooth discoloration, irritation, and taste disorders when used for a long time. Therefore, a safer alternative to natural-based mouthwash is needed. This study aims to test the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of sikkam stem bark (Bischofia javanica Blume) against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans, as well as to develop herbal mouthwash formulations. Simplicia of sikkam stem bark is macerated using 80% ethanol for five days, then the maserat is evaporated with a rotary evaporator and heated using a water bath until a thick extract is obtained. The antibacterial activity test was carried out by diffusion agar method at a concentration of 100 mg/ml. The extract is then formulated into a mouthwash with concentration variations of 5%, 7.5%, and 10%, which are further evaluated for their physical stability, pH, and antibacterial activity. The results showed that ethanol extract of sikkam stem bark had significant inhibition against S. aureus (14.3 mm) and S. mutans (14.13 mm). The mouthwash formulation shows good physical stability for up to 28 days of storage, with a pH in the safe range (4.6–5.0) as well as a minty scent that remains fresh. The highest antibacterial activity was obtained at a concentration of 10%, with an inhibition zone of 14.26 mm against S. aureus and 14.16 mm against S. mutans. It can be concluded that ethanol extract of sikkam stem bark has the potential to be developed as an active ingredient in the preparation of safe, effective, and affordable herbal mouthwash preparations for the prevention of dental caries. Further research is needed to test the toxicity, mechanism of action of the active compound, as well as its clinical effectiveness in humans.
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