The Effect of Family-Based Health Education on Tuberculosis Prevention Practices among Household Contacts of Pulmonary TB Patients: A Quantitative Study

Abstract

Background: Household contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients are at high risk of infection due to close and prolonged exposure. Effective TB prevention requires not only pharmacological treatment but also strong treatment support, adequate household ventilation, and consistent mask use. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a structured household-based intervention on Treatment Supporter (PMO) adherence, household ventilation, and mask use in preventing tuberculosis among household contacts. Methods: A quantitative quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group pretest–posttest design was conducted among 120 household contacts of pulmonary TB patients. Participants were assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention included PMO training, education on household ventilation, and counseling on mask use. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and observation checklists and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The intervention group showed significant improvements in PMO adherence, household ventilation, and mask use compared to the control group (p < 0.05). PMO adherence was the strongest predictor of TB prevention outcomes (OR = 3.12), followed by mask use (OR = 2.76) and adequate ventilation (OR = 2.14). Conclusion: Integrated household-based interventions significantly enhance TB prevention among household contacts and should be strengthened within TB control programs.