A Literature Review : The Potential of Banana Peel Waste as a Base Ingredient for Lip Balm

Abstract

Banana peel is an organic waste that is abundantly available but have not been optimally utilized, even though it is known to contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant potential. One variety with high antioxidant activity is the peel of banana raja (Musa paradisiaca). This study aimed to review the potential of banana raja peel waste as an active antioxidant ingredient in lip balm formulations based on a literature review. The method used was a literature review by analyzing scientific articles, journals, and books obtained from Google Scholar, published between 2021 and 2025. The results showed that banana raja peel contains flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, and alkaloids, which contribute to its very strong antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using several methods, including DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP, with reported IC₅₀ values of banana raja peel classified as very strong (<50 ppm). Several studies on lip balm formulations containing banana raja peel extract reported the lowest IC₅₀ value of 10.887 ppm at a 7.5% extract concentration using the DPPH method, indicating high antioxidant effectiveness. Based on these findings, banana raja peel waste has great potential to be developed as an active antioxidant ingredient in safe, valuable, and environmentally friendly lip balm formulations.